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Timeline - The 1930s
The decade begin in depression, which dug so deep into the soul and conscience of the nation that only a World War could really make a dent in its depth. Franklin Roosevelt dominated the decade and more with a presidency that saw us through that war and brought us many of the Great Society programs we have today.
More 1900s
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Timeline
1935 - Detail
August 21, 1935 - The Historic Sites Act is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, declaring a national policy to preserve historic sites, including National Historic Landmarks.
There had been previous attempts to protect historic lands, homes, and sites. The Organic Act of 1897 governed the National Forest System, allowing the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate its use, including permits for archaeological investigations. It preserved them from destruction and had the authority to fine or imprison those who did not obey their rules.
For many, the second law that spurred protection of historic sites is often cited as the beginning of the national monument and national park system, even though some were already protected and administered by other agencies. The Antiquities Act of 1906 provided for permits, penalties, and the presidential proclamation of national monuments for preservation. This Act has been used as the justification for protection by many Presidents, and although there has been some controversy about major land protection in an act that was thought to be for smaller sites, for the most part, it has been a boon for historic protection and interpretation. President Theodore Roosevelt was the first to use the Antiquities Act; President Obama designated to most national monuments under this act in history.
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 would bring together the various efforts to protect federally own parks, monuments, and historic sites such as the first national park in 1872, Yellowstone, and the Grand Canyon, which had started out as the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve in 1893, the Grand Canyon Game Preserve in 1906, the Grand Canyon National Monument in 1908, then Grand Canyon National Park in 1919. Now, no matter the name, these parks would be coordinated under one agency, the National Park Service, under the Secretary of the Interior, which had previously been organized on August 25, 1916 through another law, the National Park Service Organic Act. The Historic Sites Act, for the first time, made it a priority for the U.S. Government to protect such sites. "...that it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance..."
As an adjunct to the act, two important programs were begun; the Historic American Buildings Survey, to photograph and access the historic sites in the United States, and the Historic Landmark Preservation program, which would assess significant sites and buildings and provide the appropriate with status.
With this Act, as well as some presidential proclamations in the early 1930's by President Hoover, Reorganization Act of 1933, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, two executive orders transferred Civil War Military Parks from the War Department to the National Park Service and some additional national monuments from the Agriculture Department and other agencies.
Since that time, the National Park Service has grown to manage four hundred and twenty-three units of preserved lands and historic sites, from National Parks to National Monuments to National Military Parks, National Seashores, and more. There has been some separation of the duty of preserving national monuments to other agencies, which seems contrary to the original Act. Some national monuments are now managed or co-managed by the U.S. Forest Service or the Bureau of Land Management.
Full Text, Historic Sites Act, 1935
Section 1 - It is hereby declared that it is a national policy to preserve
for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national
significance for the inspiration and benefit of the people
of the United States.
Section 2 - The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter in sections 1 to 7 of this Act referred to as the Secretary), through the National Park Service, for the purpose of effectuating the
policy expressed in section 1 of this Act, shall have the following powers and perform the following duties and functions:
(a) Secure, collate, and preserve drawings, plans, photographs,
and other data of historic and archaeologic sites,
buildings, and objects.
(b) Make a survey of historic and archaeologic sites, buildings,
and objects for the purpose of determining which possess
exceptional value as commemorating or illustrating the
history of the United States
.
(c) Make necessary investigations and researches in the
United States relating to particular sites, buildings, or
objects to obtain true and accurate historical and archaeological
[sic] facts and information concerning the same.
(d) For the purpose of sections 1 to 7 of this Act, acquire in the
name of the United States by gift, purchase, or otherwise any
property, personal or real, or any interest or estate therein,
title to any real property to be satisfactory to the Secretary:
Provided, That no such property which is owned by any
religious or educational institution, or which is owned or
administered for the benefit of the public shall be so acquired
without the consent of the owner: Provided further, That no
such property shall be acquired or contract or agreement for
the acquisition thereof made which will obligate the general
fund of the Treasury for the payment of such property, unless
or until Congress has appropriated money which is available
for that purpose.
(e) Contract and make cooperative agreements with States,
municipal subdivisions, corporations, associations, or individuals,
with proper bond where deemed advisable, to protect,
preserve, maintain, or operate any historic or archaeologic
building, site, object, or property used in connection
therewith for public use, regardless as to whether the title
thereto is in the United States: Provided, That no contract or
cooperative agreement shall be made or entered into which
will obligate the general fund of the Treasury unless or until
Congress has appropriated money for such purpose.
(f) Restore, reconstruct, rehabilitate, preserve, and maintain
historic or prehistoric sites, buildings, objects, and properties
of national historical or archaeological significance and
where deemed desirable establish and maintain museums in
connection therewith.
(g) Erect and maintain tablets to mark or commemorate historic or prehistoric places and events of national historical or archaeological [sic] significance.
(h) Operate and manage historic and archaeologic sites,
buildings, and properties acquired under the provisions of
sections 1 to 7 of this Act together with lands and subordinate
buildings for the benefit of the public, such authority
to include the power to charge reasonable visitation fees
and grant concessions, leases, or permits for the use of land,
building space, roads, or trails when necessary or desirable
either to accommodate the public or to facilitate administration:
Provided, That the Secretary may grant such concessions,
leases, or permits and enter into contracts relating to
the same with responsible persons, firms, or corporations
without advertising and without securing competitive bids.
(i) When the Secretary determines that it would be administratively
burdensome to restore, reconstruct, operate, or
maintain any particular historic or archaeologic site, building,
or property donated to the United States through the
National Park Service, he may cause the same to be done by
organizing a corporation for that purpose under the laws of
the District of Columbia or any State.
(j) Develop an educational program and service for the
purpose of making available to the public facts and information
pertaining to American historic and archaeologic
sites, buildings, and properties of national significance.
Reasonable charges may be made for the dissemination of
any such facts or information.
(k) Perform any and all acts, and make such rules and regulations
not inconsistent with sections 1 to 7 of this Act as
may be necessary and proper to carry out the provisions
thereof. Any person violating any of the rules and regulations
authorized by said sections shall be punished by a fine
of not more than $500 and be adjudged to pay all cost of the
proceedings.
Section 3 - (a) There is hereby established a National Park System
Advisory Board, whose purpose shall be to advise the
Director of the National Park Service on matters relating to
the National Park Service, the National Park System, and
programs administered by the National Park Service. The
Board shall advise the Director on matters submitted to the
Board by the Director as well as any other issues identified
by the Board. Members of the Board shall be appointed on a staggered term basis by the Secretary for a term not
to exceed 4 years and shall serve at the pleasure of the
Secretary. The Board shall be comprised of no more than
12 persons, appointed from among citizens of the United
States having a demonstrated commitment to the mission of
the National Park Service. Board members shall be selected
to represent various geographic regions, including each of
the administrative regions of the National Park Service. At
least 6 of the members shall have outstanding expertise in 1
or more of the following fields: history, archeology, anthropology,
historical or landscape architecture, biology, ecology,
geology, marine sciences, or social science. At least 4
of the members shall have outstanding expertise and prior
experience in the management of national or State parks or
protected areas, or national [sic; probably meant "natural"]
or cultural resources management. The remaining members
shall have outstanding expertise in 1 or more of the areas
described above or in another professional or scientific discipline,
such as financial management, recreation use management,
land use planning or business management important
to the mission of the National Park Service. At least
1 individual shall be a locally elected official from an area
adjacent to a park. The Board shall hold its first meeting by
no later than 60 days after the date on which all members
of the Advisory Board who are to be appointed have been
appointed. Any vacancy in the Board shall not affect its
powers, but shall be filled in the same manner in which the
original appointment was made. The Board may adopt such
rules as may be necessary to establish its procedures and
to govern the manner of its operations, organization, and
personnel. All members of the Board shall be reimbursed
for travel and per diem in lieu of subsistence expenses during
the performance of duties of the Board while away from
home or their regular place of business, in accordance with
subchapter 1 of chapter 57 of Title 5 [5 U.S.C. 5701-5709,
travel and subsistence expenses]. With the exception of
travel and per diem as noted above, a member of the Board
who is otherwise an officer or employee of the United States
Government shall serve on the Board without additional
compensation.
It shall be the duty of such board to advise the Secretary on
matters relating to the National Park System, to other related
areas, and to the administration of sections 1 to 7 of this
Act, including but not limited to matters submitted to it for
consideration by the Secretary, but it shall not be required
to recommend as to the suitability or desirability of surplus
real and related personal property for use as an historic
monument. Such board shall also provide recommendations
on the designation of national historic landmarks and
national natural landmarks. Such board is strongly encouraged
to consult with the major scholarly and professional
organizations in the appropriate disciplines in making such
recommendations.
(b)(1) The Secretary is authorized to hire 2 full-time staffers
to meet the needs of the Advisory Board.
(2) Service of an individual as a member of the Board
shall not be considered as service or employment bringing
such individual within the provisions of any Federal
law relating to conflicts of interest or otherwise imposing
restrictions, requirements, or penalties in relation to the
employment of persons, the performance of services, or
the payment or receipt of compensation in connection with
claims, proceedings, or matters involving the United States.
Service as a member of the Board, or as an employee of the
Board, shall not be considered service in an appointive or
elective position in the Government for purposes of Section
8344 of Title 5 [5 U.S.C. 8344, civil service retirement, annuities
and pay on reemployment], or comparable provisions
of Federal law.
(c)(1) Upon request of the Director, the Board is authorized
to-
(A) hold such hearings and sit and act at such times,
(B) take such testimony,
(C) have such printing and binding done,
(D) enter into such contracts and other arrangements,
(E) make such expenditures, and
(F) take such other actions, as the Board may deem
advisable.
Any member of the Board may administer oaths or affirmations
to witnesses appearing before the Board.
(2) The Board may establish committee or subcommittees.
Any such subcommittees or committees shall be
chaired by a voting member of the Board.
(d) The provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act
[Public Law 92-463, as amended, 5 U.S.C. Appendix] shall
apply to the Board established under this section with the
exception of section 14(b).
(e)(1) The Board is authorized to secure directly from any
office, department, agency, establishment, or instrumentality
of the Federal Government such information as the
Board may require for the purpose of this section, and
each such officer, department, agency, establishment, or
instrumentality is authorized and directed to furnish, to
the extent permitted by law, such information, suggestions,
estimates, and statistics directly to the Board, upon request
made by a member of the Board.
(2) Upon the request of the Board, the head of any
Federal department, agency, or instrumentality is authorized
to make any of the facilities and services of such
department, agency, or instrumentality [sic; word missing,
probably "available"] to the Board, on a nonreimbursable
basis, to assist the Board in carrying out its duties under this
section.
(3) The Board may use the United States mails in the same
manner and under the same conditions as other departments
and agencies in the United States.
(f) The National Park System Advisory Board shall continue
to exist until January 1, 2006. The provisions of section 14(b)
of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (the Act of October
6, 1972; 86 Stat. 776) [Public Law 92-463, as amended, 5
U.S.C. Appendix] are hereby waived with respect to the
Board, but in all other respects, it shall be subject to the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
(g) There is hereby established the National Park Service
Advisory Council (hereafter in this section referred to as the
"advisory council") which shall provide advice and counsel
to the National Park System Advisory Board. Membership
on the advisory council shall be limited to those individuals
whose term on the advisory board has expired. Such
individuals may serve as long as they remain active except
that not more than 12 members may serve on the advisory
council at any one time. Members of the advisory council
shall not have a vote on the National Park System Advisory
Board. Members of the advisory council shall receive no
salary but may be paid expenses incidental to travel when
engaged in discharging their duties as members. Initially,
the Secretary shall choose 12 former members of the
Advisory Board to constitute the advisory council. In so
doing, the Secretary shall consider their professional expertise
and demonstrated commitment to the National Park
System and to the Advisory Board.
Section 4 - (a) The Secretary, in administering sections 1 to 7 of this Act, is authorized to cooperate with and may seek and accept the assistance of any Federal, State, or municipal department or agency, or any educational or scientific institution, or any patriotic association, or any individual.
(b) When deemed necessary, technical advisory committees may be established to act in an advisory capacity in connection with the restoration or reconstruction of any historic
or prehistoric building or structure.
(c) Such professional and technical assistance may be
employed, and such service may be established as may be
required to accomplish the purposes of sections 1 to 7 of this
Act and for which money may be appropriated by Congress
or made available by gifts for such purpose.
Section 5 - Nothing in sections 1 to 7 of this Act shall be held to deprive any State, or political subdivision thereof, of its civil and criminal jurisdiction in and over lands acquired by the United States under said sections.
Section 6 - (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary of the
Interior to carry out section 2(e) or 2(f) of this Act may be obligated or expended after October 30, 1992 -
(1) unless the appropriation of such funds has been specifically
authorized by law enacted on or after October 30,
1992; or
(2) in excess of the amount prescribed by law enacted on
or after such date.
(b) Nothing in this section shall prohibit or limit the expenditure
or obligation of any funds appropriated prior to
January 1, 1993.
(c) Except as provided by subsection (a) of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated for carrying out the purposes of sections 1 to 7 of this Act such sums as the Congress may from time to time determine.
Section 7 - The provisions of sections 1 to 7 of this Act shall control if
any of them are in conflict with any other Act or Acts relating
to the same subject matter.
Photo above: Old Faithful from the patio of the Old Faithful Inn. Courtesy National Park Service, Jim Peaco. Photo Below: Canyon view in the present day. Courtesy National Park Service. Info Source: Wikipedia Commons; "Laws, Regulations and Executive Orders authorizing historic preservation," 2008, us.fsda.com; "Federal Historic Preservation Laws," 2006, National
Center for Cultural Resources, National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
History Photo Bomb
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who served four terms as
President. Courtesy National Archives.
Out of work workers during the Great Depression. Courtesy National Archives.
Timeline Book
During the decade of the 1930's, World's Fairs of various sizes were held throughout the United States to stimulate the local economies as public works projects to pull the country out of depression. They were also used a public confidence projects to buoy the spirit of a nation in economic turmoil.
Chicago 1933-4
San Diego 1935-6
Cleveland 1936-7
Dallas 1936-7
New York 1939-40
San Francisco 1939-40
ABH Travel Tip
Take the time to listen, not only to the guides at the various historic sites you visit, but also to the ambiance around the sites themselves. Imagine yourself back in time. It's easier to do in the early morning or evening when crowds are low and the bustle lessened, but it can be a wonderful experience to imagine for yourself the past that happened on the ground where you stand. Above photo, the salient at Spotsylvania Battlefield, Virginia.
Night view of the Trylon and Perisphere at the New York World's Fair of 1939-40, 1939, New York Daily News, Courtesy Pinterest. During the first year of the fair, World War II would start.
Official Souvenirs
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Great Book for the History Fan with Fifty Short Essays Telling the Story of American History.
For many, the second law that spurred protection of historic sites is often cited as the beginning of the national monument and national park system, even though some were already protected and administered by other agencies. The Antiquities Act of 1906 provided for permits, penalties, and the presidential proclamation of national monuments for preservation. This Act has been used as the justification for protection by many Presidents, and although there has been some controversy about major land protection in an act that was thought to be for smaller sites, for the most part, it has been a boon for historic protection and interpretation. President Theodore Roosevelt was the first to use the Antiquities Act; President Obama designated to most national monuments under this act in history.
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 would bring together the various efforts to protect federally own parks, monuments, and historic sites such as the first national park in 1872, Yellowstone, and the Grand Canyon, which had started out as the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve in 1893, the Grand Canyon Game Preserve in 1906, the Grand Canyon National Monument in 1908, then Grand Canyon National Park in 1919. Now, no matter the name, these parks would be coordinated under one agency, the National Park Service, under the Secretary of the Interior, which had previously been organized on August 25, 1916 through another law, the National Park Service Organic Act. The Historic Sites Act, for the first time, made it a priority for the U.S. Government to protect such sites. "...that it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance..."
As an adjunct to the act, two important programs were begun; the Historic American Buildings Survey, to photograph and access the historic sites in the United States, and the Historic Landmark Preservation program, which would assess significant sites and buildings and provide the appropriate with status.
With this Act, as well as some presidential proclamations in the early 1930's by President Hoover, Reorganization Act of 1933, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, two executive orders transferred Civil War Military Parks from the War Department to the National Park Service and some additional national monuments from the Agriculture Department and other agencies.
Since that time, the National Park Service has grown to manage four hundred and twenty-three units of preserved lands and historic sites, from National Parks to National Monuments to National Military Parks, National Seashores, and more. There has been some separation of the duty of preserving national monuments to other agencies, which seems contrary to the original Act. Some national monuments are now managed or co-managed by the U.S. Forest Service or the Bureau of Land Management.
Section 2 - The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter in sections 1 to 7 of this Act referred to as the Secretary), through the National Park Service, for the purpose of effectuating the policy expressed in section 1 of this Act, shall have the following powers and perform the following duties and functions:
(a) Secure, collate, and preserve drawings, plans, photographs, and other data of historic and archaeologic sites, buildings, and objects.
(b) Make a survey of historic and archaeologic sites, buildings, and objects for the purpose of determining which possess exceptional value as commemorating or illustrating the history of the United States
. (c) Make necessary investigations and researches in the United States relating to particular sites, buildings, or objects to obtain true and accurate historical and archaeological [sic] facts and information concerning the same.
(d) For the purpose of sections 1 to 7 of this Act, acquire in the name of the United States by gift, purchase, or otherwise any property, personal or real, or any interest or estate therein, title to any real property to be satisfactory to the Secretary: Provided, That no such property which is owned by any religious or educational institution, or which is owned or administered for the benefit of the public shall be so acquired without the consent of the owner: Provided further, That no such property shall be acquired or contract or agreement for the acquisition thereof made which will obligate the general fund of the Treasury for the payment of such property, unless or until Congress has appropriated money which is available for that purpose.
(e) Contract and make cooperative agreements with States, municipal subdivisions, corporations, associations, or individuals, with proper bond where deemed advisable, to protect, preserve, maintain, or operate any historic or archaeologic building, site, object, or property used in connection therewith for public use, regardless as to whether the title thereto is in the United States: Provided, That no contract or cooperative agreement shall be made or entered into which will obligate the general fund of the Treasury unless or until Congress has appropriated money for such purpose.
(f) Restore, reconstruct, rehabilitate, preserve, and maintain historic or prehistoric sites, buildings, objects, and properties of national historical or archaeological significance and where deemed desirable establish and maintain museums in connection therewith.
(g) Erect and maintain tablets to mark or commemorate historic or prehistoric places and events of national historical or archaeological [sic] significance.
(h) Operate and manage historic and archaeologic sites, buildings, and properties acquired under the provisions of sections 1 to 7 of this Act together with lands and subordinate buildings for the benefit of the public, such authority to include the power to charge reasonable visitation fees and grant concessions, leases, or permits for the use of land, building space, roads, or trails when necessary or desirable either to accommodate the public or to facilitate administration: Provided, That the Secretary may grant such concessions, leases, or permits and enter into contracts relating to the same with responsible persons, firms, or corporations without advertising and without securing competitive bids.
(i) When the Secretary determines that it would be administratively burdensome to restore, reconstruct, operate, or maintain any particular historic or archaeologic site, building, or property donated to the United States through the National Park Service, he may cause the same to be done by organizing a corporation for that purpose under the laws of the District of Columbia or any State.
(j) Develop an educational program and service for the purpose of making available to the public facts and information pertaining to American historic and archaeologic sites, buildings, and properties of national significance. Reasonable charges may be made for the dissemination of any such facts or information.
(k) Perform any and all acts, and make such rules and regulations not inconsistent with sections 1 to 7 of this Act as may be necessary and proper to carry out the provisions thereof. Any person violating any of the rules and regulations authorized by said sections shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 and be adjudged to pay all cost of the proceedings.
Section 3 - (a) There is hereby established a National Park System Advisory Board, whose purpose shall be to advise the Director of the National Park Service on matters relating to the National Park Service, the National Park System, and programs administered by the National Park Service. The Board shall advise the Director on matters submitted to the Board by the Director as well as any other issues identified by the Board. Members of the Board shall be appointed on a staggered term basis by the Secretary for a term not to exceed 4 years and shall serve at the pleasure of the Secretary. The Board shall be comprised of no more than 12 persons, appointed from among citizens of the United States having a demonstrated commitment to the mission of the National Park Service. Board members shall be selected to represent various geographic regions, including each of the administrative regions of the National Park Service. At least 6 of the members shall have outstanding expertise in 1 or more of the following fields: history, archeology, anthropology, historical or landscape architecture, biology, ecology, geology, marine sciences, or social science. At least 4 of the members shall have outstanding expertise and prior experience in the management of national or State parks or protected areas, or national [sic; probably meant "natural"] or cultural resources management. The remaining members shall have outstanding expertise in 1 or more of the areas described above or in another professional or scientific discipline, such as financial management, recreation use management, land use planning or business management important to the mission of the National Park Service. At least 1 individual shall be a locally elected official from an area adjacent to a park. The Board shall hold its first meeting by no later than 60 days after the date on which all members of the Advisory Board who are to be appointed have been appointed. Any vacancy in the Board shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made. The Board may adopt such rules as may be necessary to establish its procedures and to govern the manner of its operations, organization, and personnel. All members of the Board shall be reimbursed for travel and per diem in lieu of subsistence expenses during the performance of duties of the Board while away from home or their regular place of business, in accordance with subchapter 1 of chapter 57 of Title 5 [5 U.S.C. 5701-5709, travel and subsistence expenses]. With the exception of travel and per diem as noted above, a member of the Board who is otherwise an officer or employee of the United States Government shall serve on the Board without additional compensation.
It shall be the duty of such board to advise the Secretary on matters relating to the National Park System, to other related areas, and to the administration of sections 1 to 7 of this Act, including but not limited to matters submitted to it for consideration by the Secretary, but it shall not be required to recommend as to the suitability or desirability of surplus real and related personal property for use as an historic monument. Such board shall also provide recommendations on the designation of national historic landmarks and national natural landmarks. Such board is strongly encouraged to consult with the major scholarly and professional organizations in the appropriate disciplines in making such recommendations.
(2) Service of an individual as a member of the Board shall not be considered as service or employment bringing such individual within the provisions of any Federal law relating to conflicts of interest or otherwise imposing restrictions, requirements, or penalties in relation to the employment of persons, the performance of services, or the payment or receipt of compensation in connection with claims, proceedings, or matters involving the United States. Service as a member of the Board, or as an employee of the Board, shall not be considered service in an appointive or elective position in the Government for purposes of Section 8344 of Title 5 [5 U.S.C. 8344, civil service retirement, annuities and pay on reemployment], or comparable provisions of Federal law.
(c)(1) Upon request of the Director, the Board is authorized to-
(A) hold such hearings and sit and act at such times,
(B) take such testimony,
(C) have such printing and binding done,
(D) enter into such contracts and other arrangements,
(E) make such expenditures, and
(F) take such other actions, as the Board may deem advisable.
Any member of the Board may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Board.
(2) The Board may establish committee or subcommittees. Any such subcommittees or committees shall be chaired by a voting member of the Board.
(d) The provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act [Public Law 92-463, as amended, 5 U.S.C. Appendix] shall apply to the Board established under this section with the exception of section 14(b).
(e)(1) The Board is authorized to secure directly from any office, department, agency, establishment, or instrumentality of the Federal Government such information as the Board may require for the purpose of this section, and each such officer, department, agency, establishment, or instrumentality is authorized and directed to furnish, to the extent permitted by law, such information, suggestions, estimates, and statistics directly to the Board, upon request made by a member of the Board.
(2) Upon the request of the Board, the head of any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality is authorized to make any of the facilities and services of such department, agency, or instrumentality [sic; word missing, probably "available"] to the Board, on a nonreimbursable basis, to assist the Board in carrying out its duties under this section.
(3) The Board may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies in the United States.
(f) The National Park System Advisory Board shall continue to exist until January 1, 2006. The provisions of section 14(b) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (the Act of October 6, 1972; 86 Stat. 776) [Public Law 92-463, as amended, 5 U.S.C. Appendix] are hereby waived with respect to the Board, but in all other respects, it shall be subject to the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
(g) There is hereby established the National Park Service Advisory Council (hereafter in this section referred to as the "advisory council") which shall provide advice and counsel to the National Park System Advisory Board. Membership on the advisory council shall be limited to those individuals whose term on the advisory board has expired. Such individuals may serve as long as they remain active except that not more than 12 members may serve on the advisory council at any one time. Members of the advisory council shall not have a vote on the National Park System Advisory Board. Members of the advisory council shall receive no salary but may be paid expenses incidental to travel when engaged in discharging their duties as members. Initially, the Secretary shall choose 12 former members of the Advisory Board to constitute the advisory council. In so doing, the Secretary shall consider their professional expertise and demonstrated commitment to the National Park System and to the Advisory Board.
Section 4 - (a) The Secretary, in administering sections 1 to 7 of this Act, is authorized to cooperate with and may seek and accept the assistance of any Federal, State, or municipal department or agency, or any educational or scientific institution, or any patriotic association, or any individual.
(b) When deemed necessary, technical advisory committees may be established to act in an advisory capacity in connection with the restoration or reconstruction of any historic or prehistoric building or structure.
(c) Such professional and technical assistance may be employed, and such service may be established as may be required to accomplish the purposes of sections 1 to 7 of this Act and for which money may be appropriated by Congress or made available by gifts for such purpose.
Section 5 - Nothing in sections 1 to 7 of this Act shall be held to deprive any State, or political subdivision thereof, of its civil and criminal jurisdiction in and over lands acquired by the United States under said sections.
Section 6 - (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary of the Interior to carry out section 2(e) or 2(f) of this Act may be obligated or expended after October 30, 1992 -
(1) unless the appropriation of such funds has been specifically authorized by law enacted on or after October 30, 1992; or
(2) in excess of the amount prescribed by law enacted on or after such date.
(b) Nothing in this section shall prohibit or limit the expenditure or obligation of any funds appropriated prior to January 1, 1993.
(c) Except as provided by subsection (a) of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated for carrying out the purposes of sections 1 to 7 of this Act such sums as the Congress may from time to time determine.
Section 7 - The provisions of sections 1 to 7 of this Act shall control if any of them are in conflict with any other Act or Acts relating to the same subject matter.
Photo above: Old Faithful from the patio of the Old Faithful Inn. Courtesy National Park Service, Jim Peaco. Photo Below: Canyon view in the present day. Courtesy National Park Service. Info Source: Wikipedia Commons; "Laws, Regulations and Executive Orders authorizing historic preservation," 2008, us.fsda.com; "Federal Historic Preservation Laws," 2006, National Center for Cultural Resources, National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
History Photo Bomb
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who served four terms as
President. Courtesy National Archives.
Out of work workers during the Great Depression. Courtesy National Archives.
Timeline Book
During the decade of the 1930's, World's Fairs of various sizes were held throughout the United States to stimulate the local economies as public works projects to pull the country out of depression. They were also used a public confidence projects to buoy the spirit of a nation in economic turmoil.
Chicago 1933-4
San Diego 1935-6
Cleveland 1936-7
Dallas 1936-7
New York 1939-40
San Francisco 1939-40
ABH Travel Tip
Take the time to listen, not only to the guides at the various historic sites you visit, but also to the ambiance around the sites themselves. Imagine yourself back in time. It's easier to do in the early morning or evening when crowds are low and the bustle lessened, but it can be a wonderful experience to imagine for yourself the past that happened on the ground where you stand. Above photo, the salient at Spotsylvania Battlefield, Virginia.
Night view of the Trylon and Perisphere at the New York World's Fair of 1939-40, 1939, New York Daily News, Courtesy Pinterest. During the first year of the fair, World War II would start.
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